Evaluation of Oil Mulch Effect on Wind Erosion Threshold Velocity and Some of Soil Properties, (Case Study: Dehloran, Ilam)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.

2 Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Natural Resources Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

3 Department of Forest Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.

10.22059/jdesert.2023.93544

Abstract

Mulching is a method of controlling wind erosion in arid and desert areas. In this study, the effects of oil mulch on some properties of soil were investigated, and the optimum amount of mulch to wind erosion control in Dehloran, Iran, was determined. For these purposes, after a mulching practice, soil samples were taken from the three treatments of mulched, control and the afforestation area at two depths of 0-10 and 10-50 cm through monthly field surveys during a year to measure soil parameters, including temperature, soil moisture, pH and EC. Then, the threshold velocity of wind erosion was determined using a wind tunnel and the optimum amount of mulch for erosion control was calculated. The results of soil characteristics analysis showed that soil temperature was significantly affected by the depth and season of sampling and their interactions, in contrast, soil moisture was only affected by the season. Also, soil pH was affected by all independent variables, while EC was only affected by the treatments. Na and SAR were not significantly affected by treatment, depth, and their interactions, while OM was significantly affected by treatment and the interaction between depth and treatment. Finally, the wind tunnel results showed that the erosion threshold velocity in the control area, at the height of 30 cm, was 4.84 m/s. Results also showed that mulching practice can control wind erosion under the maximum wind speed of the region and 7 tons/ha was recommended for future mulching practices in the region and similar areas.

Keywords


References
Abtahi, S.M., M. Khosroshahi, 2015. Effects of Six Chemical and Mineral Mulches on the Establishment and Survival of Calligonum and Haloxylon. Journal of Soil and Water Science, 26(1.1); 39-46.
Akbarnia, H., 2009. The evaluation of contaminated soil by petroleum mulch in combating desertification, DESERT, 14(2); 127–132. https://doi.org/10.22059/jdesert.2009.36332
Akbarnia, H., M. Alaee, K. Razmkhah, 2005. The report of a research project on quality improvement of petroleum mulch and their environmental Impact assessment. Res. Inst. Pet. Ind. Desert Affairs Bureau, 53–92.
Alfarisi, A., T. Mandang, A. Sutejo, 2022. Characteristics of Oil Palm Stem Mulch as Soil Conditioner at Oil. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 1038; 012064
Anonymous., 2009. Standards, and Technical criteria for the use of oil mulch, Forest Range and Watershed Management Organization (FRWO) Publications.
Azogh, L., B. Khalili Moghaddam, S. Ja'fari, Sh. Ghorbani Dashtaki, 2016. The long-term effects of oil mulch application and biological control on the physical and chemical properties of Ahwaz sand dunes, The First International Conference on Dust, Ahvaz, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz.
Azoogh L., B. Khalili moghadam, S. Jafari, 2018. Interaction of petroleum mulching, vegetation restoration and dust fallout on the conditions of sand dunes in southwest of Iran. Aeolian Research, 32; 124-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2018.01.007.
Banihabib, M.A., B. Vaziri, 2018. Evaluation of Mulching Performance in Increasing the Deep Percolation of Rainwater into the Soil, Ecohydrology, 5(2); 603-613.
Barrena-González, J., J. Lozano-Parra, A. Alfonso-Torreño, C. Lozano-Fondón, M.A. Abdennour, A. Cerdà, M. Pulido-Fernández, 2020. Soil erosion in Mediterranean chestnut tree plantations at risk due to climate change and land abandonment. Central European Forestry Journal, 66(2); 85-96. https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2020-0015
Bazgir, M., D. Namdar Khojasteh, 2017. Final report of wind erosion laboratory, the identification of dust origins in Ilam province, and the testing and evaluation of some non-oil mulches, Ianian Student Book Agency. 170 p.
Bhojvaid, P.P., V.R. Timmer, G. Singh, 1991. Reclaiming sodic soils for wheat production by Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC afforestation in India, Agroforestry Systems, 34(2); 139-150. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00148158
Bliss, D., H. Smith, 2006. Penetration of light into soil and its role in the control of seed germination. Plant, Cell & Environment. 8; 475 - 483. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1985.tb01683.x.
Cerdà, A., J. Rodrigo-Comino, A. Giménez-Morera, S.D. Keesstra, 2018. Hydrological and erosional impact and farmer’s perception on catch crops and weeds in citrus organic farming in Canyoles river watershed, Eastern Spain. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 258; 49-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2018.02.015
Ekhtesasi. M.R., 2004. Morphometric and Morphodynamic Study of Wind Erosion Facies of Yazd-Ardakan Plain and Determination of Indicators of this Process for Application in Desertification Assessment Models, Doctoral Thesis, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran. 180 p.
Famiglietti, J.S., J.W. Rudnicki, M. Rodell, 1988. Variability in surface moisture content along a hillslope transect: Rattlesnake Hill, Texas. Journal of Hydrology, 210; 259. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00187-5
Gholami Tabasi, J., M. Jafari, H. Azarnivand, M. Sarparast, 2015. Studying the Effect of Petroleum Mulch on the Vegetation and Soil Attributes of Sandy Deserts (Samad Abad of Sarakhs), Journal of Desert Management, 2(4); 43-50.
Guerreiro, M.S., E.M. de Andrade, M.M.M. de Sousa, J.B. Brasil, J.C.R. Filho, H.A. de Queiroz Palácio, 2022. Contribution of Non-Rainfall Water Input to Surface Soil Moisture in a Tropical Dry Forest. Hydrology, 9; 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9060102
Ilam Meteorological Organization., 2020. Weather and climatology reports.
Iqbal, R., M.A.S. Raza, M. Valipour, M.F. Saleem, M.S. Zaheer, S. Ahmad, M. Toleikiene, I. Haider, M.U. Aslam, M.A. Nazar, 2020. Potential agricultural and environmental benefits of mulches—a review. Bull Natl Res Cent 44; 75. https://doi.org/10.1186
Ja'fari, M., G. Hayati, N. Zargham, H. Azarnivand, M. Sufi, 2004. Investigation and Evaluation of Desertification Plan Implementation in Lamerd Plain, Geographical Research, 36(50); 199-213.
Jafariyan, V., 2005. Effects of oil mulch application on seed germination of desert plant species (Case study: Kerman and Hormozgan provinces), M.Sc. Thesis, University of Tehran.
Juhos, K., E. Papdi, F. Kovács, V.P. Vasileiadis, A. Veres, 2023. The Effect of Wool Mulch on Plant Development in the Context of the Physical and Biological Conditions in Soil. Plants, 12(3); 684. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030684
Katebi, H., A. Fahmi, H. Samadi Kafil, M. Hajialilue Bonab, 2018. Stabilization of calcareous sand dunes using phosphoric acid mulching liquid, Journal of Arid Environments, 148; 34-44, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2017.09.011.
Kuznetsov, P.I., A.E. Novikov, 2010. Effect of soil conditioners on water permeability and water holding capacity of light Chestnut soils. Russian Agricultural Sciences, 36; 279-281. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068367410040154
Li, C., J. Moore-Kucera, J. Lee, A. Corbin, M. Brodhagen, C. Miles, D. Inglis, 2014. Effects of biodegradable mulch on soil quality, Applied Soil Ecology, 79; 59–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.02.012
Liu, M., W. Zhang, X. Wang, F. Wang, W. Dong, C. Hu, R. Sun, 2020. Nitrogen leaching greatly impacts bacterial community and denitrifies abundance in subsoil under long-term fertilization. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 294; 106885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2020.106885
López-Vicente, M., E. Calvo-Seas, S. Álvarez, A. Cerdà, 2020. Effectiveness of Cover Crops to Reduce Loss of Soil Organic Matter in a Rainfed Vineyard. Land, 9(7); 230. https://doi.org/10.3390/land9070230
Mahdavi, M., 2005. Applied Hydrology, Vol. I, Tehran University Press, 8th Edition.
Mahmoudi, A., G. Zahedi, V. Etemad, 2013. The Investigation on the Relationship between Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Succulence of Natural and Planted Saxaul (Haloxylon Spp) (Case Study: Hosseinabad Plain, Southern Khorasan Province). Iranian Journal of Forest, 4(4); 289-299.
Majasalmi, T., M. Rautiainen, 2020. The impact of tree canopy structure on understory variation in a boreal forest, Forest Ecology and Management, 466; 118100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118100.
McLachlan, A., A.C. Brown, 2006. Coastal Dune Ecosystems and Dune/Beach Interactions, Editor(s): A. McLachlan, A.C. Brown. The Ecology of Sandy Shores (Second Edition), Academic Press, 251-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012372569-1/50013-6.
Mirhasani, M., 2018. Study of Threshold Velocity for Wind Erosion in Different Land Uses Using Wind Tunnel (Case Study: Eyn- Khowsh, Dehloran, Ilam), M.Sc. thesis, Ilam University.
Mirhasani, M., N. Rostami, M. Bazgir, M. Tavakoli, 2019. Threshold friction velocity and soil loss across different land uses in arid regions: Iran. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 12; 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-019-4252-0
Mishra, A., S.D. Sharma, M.K. Gupta, 2003. Soil rehabilitation through afforestation: Evaluation of the performance of Prosopis juliflora, Dalbergia sissoo and Eucalyptus tereticornis plantation in a site environment, Arid land research and management, 17(3); 257-269. https://doi.org/10.1080/15324980301597
Mousavi, S., A. Sepaskhah, 1989. The Effect of Oil Mulches on Evaporation Function from a Bare Soil, Second Conference on Evaporation Reduction Methods in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman.
Novara, A., A. Cerda, E. Barone, L. Gristina, 2021. Cover crop management and water conservation in vineyard and olive orchards. Soil and Tillage Research, 208; 104896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2020.104896
Parker, G.G., D.R. Fitzjarrald, I.C. Gonçalves Sampaio, 2019. Consequences of environmental heterogeneity for the photosynthetic light environment of a tropical forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 278; 107661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107661
Rabani, S., Ordookhani, K., Aref, F., Zare, M., S. Sharafzadeh, 2023. Effects of Organic Mulches on Soil Properties and Growth Attributes of Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) for Cultivation in the Coastal Rangelands of Southern Iran. Journal of Rangeland Science, 13(2); 143-154. doi: 10.30495/rs.2022.687752
Rahaman, S., V. Yamuna Tejaswi, B. Hareendra Goud, K.N. Raja Kumar, 2022. effect of soil physical properties on groundnut production under drip irrigation with black plastic mulch. pollution research. 41; 1215-1219. 10.53550/pr.2022.v41i04.011.
Refahi, H.Gh., 2012. Wind Erosion and conservation, Tehran University Press, 6th Edition.
Rhoades, J.D., 1982. Cation exchangeable capacity. In: Page, A.L., Miller, R.H., Keeney, D.R. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis: Part2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Agronomy Monograph, ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI, 9; 149–157.
Rodrigo‐Comino, J., A. Giménez‐Morera, P. Panagos, H.R. Pourghasemi, M. Pulido, A. Cerdà, 2020. The potential of straw mulch as a nature‐based solution for soil erosion in olive plantation treated with glyphosate: A biophysical and socioeconomic assessment. Land Degradation & Development, 31(15); 1877-1889. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3305
Rodrigo-Comino, J., E. Terol, G. Mora, A. Giménez-Morera, A. Cerdà, 2020. Vicia sativa Roth. Can Reduce Soil and Water Losses in Recently Planted Vineyards (Vitis vinifera L.). Earth Systems and Environment, 4; 827-842. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-020-00191-5
Rostami, N., H. karimi, M. Tavakoli, M. Mirhasani, 2019. Investigation of Using Oil Mulch on Wind Erosion and Sand Dunes Stabilization in Abu-Ghovair, Dehloran, Forests, Range and Watershed Management Organization of Iran.
Rostami, N., H. Karimi, M. Tavakoli, R. Omidipour, 2022. Short-term effect of oil-mulch on vegetation dynamics; Integration of ecological and remote sensing-based approaches. Land Degradation & Development, 33(2); 235–245. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.4140
Safari, N., F. Kazemi, A. Tehranifar, 2021. Examining temperature and soil moisture contents of mulches in the urban landscaping of an arid region. Desert, 26(2); 139-156. doi: 10.22059/jdesert.2020.256170.1006639
Shojaei, S., M. Ardakani, H. Sodaiezadeh, M. Jafari, S.F. Afzali, 2020. Simultaneous optimization of parameters influencing organic mulch test using response surface methodology. Scientific reports, 10(1); 6717. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63047-y
Speak, A., L. Montagnani, C. Wellstein, S. Zerbe, 2020. The influence of tree traits on urban ground surface shade cooling, Landscape and Urban Planning, 197; 103748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103748.
Tamaskani Esfehankalateh, A., J. Ngarambe, G.Y. Yun, 2021. Influence of Tree Canopy Coverage and Leaf Area Density on Urban Heat Island Mitigation. Sustainability, 13; 7496. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137496
United Nations General Assembly., 2015. United Nations Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, A/RES/70/1. sustainabledevelopment.un.org
Vaezi, A., 2011. Application of Oil Mulches in Inhibition of Wind Erosion and Sand Dunes Stabilization, The Second National Conference of Wind Erosion and Dust Storms, Yazd University.
Van Pelt, R., T. Zobeck, 2004. Effects of Polyacrylamide, Cover Crops, and Crop Residue Management on Wind Erosion. In proceedings of 13th International Soil Conservation Organization Conference (ISCO), Brisbane, Australia, 1-4.
Walkley, A., I.A. Black, 1934. An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil science, 37(1); 29-38. DOI: 10.1097/00010694-193401000-00003
Wang, Y., Z. Xie, S.S. Malhi, C.L. Vera, Y. Zhang, 2014. Gravel-sand mulch thickness effects on soil temperature, evaporation, water use efficiency and yield of watermelon in semi-arid Loess Plateau, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 34(5); 261-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chnaes.2014.05.007
Yamanaka, T., M. Inoue, I. Kaihotsu, 2004. Effects of gravel mulch on water vapor transfer above and below the soil surface. Agricultural Water Management, 67(2); 145-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2004.01.002