Living windbreak design for wind erosion control in arid regions: A case study in Dehloran, Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Range and Watershed Management, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran

2 Department of Water and Soil Sciences, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran

Abstract

Wind erosion is considered as one of the main processes of land degradation in different parts of the world. Among the most effective ways to control wind erosion is to cover land surface with natural vegetation area. In this study, 3 replica soil samples were collected, at a depth of 0-3 cm, from various land uses in Dehloran, Ilam Province, Iran. Physical and chemical characteristics of soil samples were determined in the laboratory to allow the application of the ENVI_met Headquarter model commonly used to design biological windbreak. The threshold friction velocity (TFV) is the basic parameter for effective construction of a windbreak. To determine its values, a wind tunnel test was conducted. Based on simulation results with the pattern designed with Prosopis juliflora species, it was observed that the wind speed decreased in front of the windbreak but returned to the initial speed at a larger distance behind the windbreak. Therefore, the designed windbreak for this species is able to reduce the wind speed to a far distance while in the designed windbreak with Haloxylon aphyllumspecies the wind returns to the initial speed within a shorter distance. According to the results, the wind speed reduction is directly related to the height of windbreak. Moreover, the designed windbreak with P. juliflora species, more effectively reduce the wind speed and protect longer distances behind the windbreak; thus it can be proposed as a suitable windbreak for the study area. 

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Ahmadi, H., 2012. Applied Geomorphology, Tehran
     University Press, vol. 2, 706 P.
Ahmadi, A., N. Shayganpour, 2011. Wind erosion and its
     control methods in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran.
     The 2nd national conference on wind erosion and dust
     storms, Yazd. 16-17 February.
Akbariyan, M., M. Biniaz, 2012. Evaluation of plant
     species used in wind erosion control (Case Study: Jask
     city, Hormozgan province), Environmental Erosion
     Research, 1; 29-42.
Alipour, Gh., 2002. Introduction of suitable plants for
     desert and tropical regions recovery, Tehran, Sobhan
     Publishers, 108 P.
Arazi, A., M.H. Emtehani, M.R. Ekhtesasi, H.
     Sodaeezadeh, 2011. The effect of tree sprawls on the
     yield of crops in arid regions, the 2nd wind erosion and
     storm dust storm conference, Yazd. 16-17 February.
Bahrami, A., M. Jariani, Sh. Mohammad Khan, 2004.
     Haloxylon and its role in controlling wind erosion,
     Proceedings of the National Conference on Halal and
     Halalism in Iran. Kerman, 64-65.
Ballesteros-Possu, W., J. R. Brandle, M. Schoeneberger,
     2017. Potential of Windbreak Trees to Reduce Carbon
     Emissions by Agricultural Operations in the US,
     Forests, 8; 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/f8050138.
Bazgir, M., D. Namdar Khogasteh, 2017. Final report on
     the design of the wind erosion laboratory, the
     identification of dust origins in Ilam province, and the
     testing and evaluation of some non-oil mulch. Jahad
     daneshgahi press, 166 P.
Bruse, M., H. Fleer, 1998. Simulating surface–plant–air
     interactions inside urban environments with a three
     dimensional numerical model. Environmental
     Modelling & Software, 13; 373-384.‌
Bruse, M., 2009. ENVI-met Website Retrierd.
     http://www. Envi-met.com.
Cook, G. D., C. M. Goyens, 2008. The impact of wind on
     trees in Australian tropical savannas: lessons from
     Cyclone Monica. Austral Ecology, 33; 462-470.‌
Cornelis,W. M., D. Gabriels, 2005. Optimal windbreak
     design for wind-erosion control. Journal of Arid
     Environments, 61; 315–332.
Criteria and Principles for the construction of a biological
     windbreak. 2015. Vice President of Strategic Planning
     and Control.  Clause 658, 118 P.
Ekhtesasi, M.R., 2004. Determination of Minimum
     Masses of Haloxylon Seedlings for the Design of Wind
     Fissures and Wind Erosion Control in Central Iran,
     Abstract of the Articles of the National Conference on
     Haloxylon and Potassium in Iran, Organization for
     Forests and Rangelands, 2-3.
Elnur Elsiding, A., 2006. Study on Prosopis species in
     four countries of Sudan, Yemen, Oman and Somalia,
     Advisory reports for FAO, Hussein Parvaresh, Bandar
     Abbas, Natural Resources Office of Hormozgan
     Province (domestic).
Foereid, B., R. Bro, V. O. Mogensen, J. R. Porter, 2002.
     Effects of windbreak strips of willow coppice
     modelling and field experiment on barley in
     Denmark. Agriculture, Ecosystems &
     Environment, 93; 25-32.‌
Ghasemi, H., A. Shahriari, A. Fakhireh, M. Jafari, Gh.
     Hadrabadi, 2011. Effect of pattern and density of live
     windbreak on the wind speed in the Hussein Abad
     plain, Sarbisheh, Watershed Management Researches
     Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi), 89; 16-26.
Gholami Tabasi, J., M. Jafari, H. Azarnivand, 2013.
     Assessing the implications of planting Haloxylon
     aphyllum on the vegetation and soil properties of
     stabilized sandy desert (Samad Abad, Sarakhs),
     Environmental Erosion Research, 3; 35-44.
Hagen, L. J., 1996. Crop residue effects on aerodynamic
     processes and wind erosion. Theoretical and Applied
     Climatology, 54; 39-46.‌
He, Z., S. Li, Y. Harazono, 1997. Wind-sandy
     environment and the effects of vegetation on wind
     breaking and dune fixation in Horqin sandy land,
     China. In Proceedings of Wind Erosion: An
     International Symposium/Workshop. USDA
     Agricultural Research Service, Wind Erosion
     Laboratory, Manhattan, KS.‌
Ilam Meteorological Organization. 2016. Weather and
     climatology reports.
Jafari, M., M. Tahmourth, J. Qodousi, 2012. Biological
struggle with soil erosion, Tehran University Press, 758 P.
Jazirei, M.H., 2007. If the Prosopis juliflora is a

 
 
 
 
    destructive species?, Prosopis juliflora Educational Team in Bandar Abbas, Forest, Rangeland and Watershed Organization of Iran, Office of Desertification Affairs.
Kardavani, P., 1994. Soil Conservation, 5th edition,
     Tehran University Press, 288 P.
Karimzadeh, H.R., 2006. Quantitation of eroded
     sediments in the eastern part of Isfahan. Quarterly
     Journal of Forest and Range, 70; 70-73.
Le Houerou, H. N., 1985. Forage and fuel plants in the
     arid zone of North Africa, the Near and Middle East,
     Plant for Arid lands, Royal Botanic Gardens, 452 P.
Madadi zadeh, N., I. Amiri, N. Faryabi, A. M.
     Tekluzadeh, 2014. Comparison of Biological
     Windbreak Distance in Different Methods of
     Implementation (Case Study: South of Kerman
     Province), Conference on Agricultural and
     Environmental Sciences, Shiraz University.
Mohammad, A. E., C. J. Stigter, H. S. Adam, 1996. On
     shelterbelt design for combating sand
     invasion. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 57;
     81-90.
Najafi Tireh Shabankareh, K., 2007. The position of the
     Prosopis juliflora in creating green spaces, Bandar
     Abbas, Prosopis juliflora Educational Work Group in
     Bandar Abbas, Forest, Rangeland and Watershed
     Management Organization of the country - Office of
     Desert Affairs.
Nosrati, K., M. Hossein Zadeh, S. Zare, R. Zolfaghari,
     2017. Modeling of Soil Quality of Rhizobar Desert
     Rhizomes Affected by Hogging Using Multivariate
     Statistical Analysis, Geographical Studies of Arid
     Regions, 7; 96-108.
Pansu, M., J. Gautheyrou, 2007. Handbook of soil
     analysis: mineralogical, organic and inorganic
     methods. Springer Science & Business Media, 974 P.
Refahi, H. Gh., 2012. Wind Erosion and conservation,
     Tehran University Press, 6th Edition, 320 P.
Rezazadeh, R., E. Aghajan Biglou, 2012. Proposed Model
     for Massage in Rawty Residential Components,
     Biannual Journal of the University of Art, No. 7.
Rhoades, J. D., 1982. Cation exchangeable capacity. In:
     Page, A.L., Miller, R.H., Keeney, D.R. (Eds.),
     Methods of Soil Analysis: Part2. Chemical and
     Microbiological Properties. Agronomy Monograph,
     vol. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI, 149–157.
Safarnejad, A., 2006. Comparison of Haloxylon spp.
     species for its improvement and expansion in desert
     areas, Pajouhesh & Sazandegi, 67; 51-57.
Shamsutdinov, Z. Sh., Sh. R. Ubaydullaev, N. Z.
     Shamsutdinov, V. V. Zanzheev, 2016. Environment-
     forming Role of Black Saxaul, Haloxylon aphyllum
     (Minkw.) Iljin in the Karnabchul Desert, Russian
     Journal of Ecology, 47; 39-45.
Udhaya Nandhini, D., B. Sakthinathan, 2017. Windbreaks
     and shelterbelts for soil conservation: A review,
     International Journal of Chemistry Studies, 1; 1-4.
Walkley, A., I. A. Black, 1934. An examination of the
     Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter,
     and a proposed modification of the chromic acid
     titration method. Soil science, 37; 29-38.‌ 
Desert
Volume 24, Issue 1
June 2019
Pages 33-42

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics