University of Tehran PressDesert2008-087519220140701Estimation of effective precipitation for winter wheat in different regions of Iran using an Extended Soil-Water Balance Model91985232810.22059/jdesert.2014.52328ENJaberRahimiMeteorological Division, Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering Department, University of Tehran, Karaj, IranAliKhaliliMeteorological Division, Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering Department, University of Tehran, Karaj, IranJavadBazrafshanMeteorological Division, Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering Department, University of Tehran, Karaj, IranJournal Article20131102Estimated Effective Precipitation (Pe) in dryland areas is an essential element of water resource management. It<br />represents the amount of precipitation available in the crop root zone to meet the needs of evapotranspiration. The<br />current study compared different approaches for estimating Pe in different climatic zones of Iran. A two-layer soil–<br />water balance (SWB) model was adopted based on the proposed approach in which a portion of the previous day’s<br />precipitation saved between the previous and current root-zone development is added to the Pe of the current day. To<br />this end, we used three groups of data (meteorological, phenological, and soil characteristics data) related to 21 agrometeorological<br />stations representing arid, semi-arid, semi-humid, and humid regions of the country. The results of<br />this study indicated that, in spite of data limitations, the new procedure performed appropriately in estimating that<br />part of the wheat yield which could be explained by Pe only. Coefficients of determination (R2) between annual<br />precipitation and Pe ranged from 0.50 in the humid climatic zone to 0.82 in the arid climatic zone. Ultimately, using<br />annual precipitation data collected from 181 Iranian synoptic stations and its correlation with Pe, the first annual Pe<br />map of Iran was produced.<br /> https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_52328_111d318a635a15e2b67789a3399c8155.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressDesert2008-087519220140701Evaluating effect of downscaling methods; change-factor and LARS-WG on surface runoff (A case study of Azam-Harat River basin, Iran)991095233010.22059/jdesert.2014.52330ENElaheGoodarziDepartment of Watershed Management, Collage of Natural Resources, University of Yazd, Yazd, IranAlirezaMassah BavaniDepartment of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Collage of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, IranMohammadtaghiDastoraniFaculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University Of Mashhad (FUM), Mashhad, IranAliTalebiDepartment of Watershed Management, Collage of Natural Resources, University of Yazd, Yazd, IranJournal Article20131103This study aims to evaluate effects of two downscaling methods; change-factor and statistical downscaling on the<br />runoff of the Azam-Harat River located at Yazd province (with an arid climate) of Iran, under the A2 emission scenario<br />for the period of 2010-2039. For this purpose, CGCM3-AR4 model; a rainfall-runoff conceptual model, IHACRES; two<br />downscaling models, Change Factor and LARS-WG were applied. Results show 30% difference in runoff simulated by<br />two downscaling methods. Also, according to the fact that Change Factor ignores climate fluctuations over the course of<br />future period relative to base period, simulated runoff from the outputs of this downscaling method does not contain<br />enough confidence and cannot represent the actual runoff of the basin in the future. Despite, fluctuations are modeled in<br />the LARS-WG well. On the other hand, if the estimated runoff increase from the LARS-WG is more than the capacity of<br />the Azam-Harat River and Basin, the risk of flood and damage could figure in the future.<br /> https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_52330_564f9f17fe8d5062f64f4ceee326df5c.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressDesert2008-087519220140701Solar desalination plant site suitability through composing decision-making systems and fuzzy logic in Iran (using the desert areas approach)1111195233110.22059/jdesert.2014.52331ENHadiPaktinatFaculty of Geography, University of Tehran ,Tehran, IranHasan AliFarajiFaculty of Geography, University of Tehran ,Tehran, IranAshkanRahimi KianFaculty of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20131105Freshwater resources represent around 3% of all water on Earth, and less than 1% of that is available. Considering<br />current conditions, as well as future predictions of need, freshwater resources cannot meet human needs. Thus,<br />sweetening of the brackish water can be performed to provide freshwater for human use. Solar energy, because of<br />Iran's climatic conditions, may be used for sweetening the brackish water. The objective of this study was to survey<br />the lands using groundwater resources for the installation of solar desalinations. According to the goal, criteria and<br />indicators were identified by the analyses of previous studies’ data, Delphi method and the internal structure of<br />measurements and indicators determined using the DEMATEL technique. Then, indicators were weighted using the<br />analytic network process (ANP) method, and indicators’ suitable membership functions were defined using fuzzy<br />logic. Indicators have been combined by the means of minimum function. Eventually, the areas were classified into<br />four classes. The results showed that among 250 scope studies, 20 scopes have been put in class one, and these are<br />located in five provinces. The results also indicated that among the provinces of Iran, Yazd is located in an area with<br />the highest percentage of class one, and is ranked first. Comparisons of the obtained results with the climatic<br />conditions of Iran confirmed the results.<br /> https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_52331_9af1abff3fbae7acd46deec187b45787.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressDesert2008-087519220140701Investigating the relation between built area, occupant number and energy consumption in first modern residential buildings (Case study: 1970s houses in the semi-arid climate of Shiraz, Iran)1211305233310.22059/jdesert.2014.52333ENZahraBarzegarDepartment of Art & Architecture, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, IranSh.HeidariFaculty of Architecture, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20131127Energy consumption in the residential sector is a complex socio-technical problem that can be explained using a<br />combination of physical, demographic and behavioural characteristics of a house and its occupants. In this paper, by<br />using the energy consumption data for the residential sector of Shiraz in Iran, the effect of built area (BA) and<br />occupant number (Occ) on annual energy consumption (Ec) was investigated. Ten houses from the first modern<br />period of the city were selected randomly from 1971 up to 1991. It was found that the built area and Occ did not have<br />a direct impact on energy consumption in Shiraz’s residential buildings; however, the household behaviours and<br />houses’ building construction directly affected energy saving. Houses with maximum BA or maximum annual energy<br />consumption were not the same; the same held for Occ. The average annual energy consumption per capita of 1 m2<br />built area of the case studies was 0.087, and for each occupant it was 2.487.<br /> https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_52333_c70f8367bc5d8b45cae48ee89169e04a.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressDesert2008-087519220140701Modelling the formation of Ozone in the air by using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) (Case study: city of Yazd, Iran)1311355233410.22059/jdesert.2014.52334ENLidaRafatiDepartment of Environmental Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranMohammadEhrampoushDepartment of Environmental Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranAliTalebiFaculty of Natural Resources, Yazd University, Yazd, IranMehdiMokhtariDepartment of Environmental Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranZohrehKheradpishehDepartment of Environmental Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranHamidDehghanDepartment of Environmental Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranJournal Article20140525The impact of air pollution and environmental issues on public health is one of the main topics studied in many<br />cities around the world. Ozone is a greenhouse gas that contributes to global climate. This study was conducted to<br />predict and model ozone of Yazd in the lower atmosphere by an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). All<br />the data were extracted from 721 samples collected daily over two successive years, from April 2012 to 29 March<br />2014. The concentration of pollutants and meteorological variables including NOX, temperature, wind speed and<br />wind direction were considered as input and ozone (O3) as the output of model. The results showed that among five<br />membership functions used in the model, the Gaussian membership function with R2 equal to 0.949, RMSE equal to<br />2.430 and correlation coefficient equal to 0.974 was obtained as the best model to predict the concentration of ozone<br />in the lower atmosphere. This study showed that predicting and modelling ozone using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy<br />inference system (ANFIS) is appropriate and, due to the expansion of the city of Yazd in the not too distant future, it<br />is necessary to pay more attention to the permissible threshold values of pollutants such as ozone.<br /> https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_52334_42f95b2902286d585beebb8e7f1ee286.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressDesert2008-087519220140701Comparing heavy metal accumulation abilities in Artemisia aucheri and Astragalus gummifer in Darreh Zereshk region, Taft1371405233510.22059/jdesert.2014.52335ENM.DalvandDepartment of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, IranAmir HosseinHamidianTEnvironment Engineering Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, IranM.A.Zare ChahookiDepartment of Rehabilitation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj,
IranB.Moteshare ZadehDepartment of Soil Science Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, University of Tehran, Karaj, IranS.A.A.MirjaliliTaft Copper Mine Project, National Iranian Copper Industries Company, Taft, IranE.Esmaeil ZadeEnvironmental Researcher, Research and Development, Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex, Rafsanjan, IranJournal Article20140725Treatment of soils contaminated with heavy metals using plant species is a method which has been widely used in the<br />past. This method, which is known as phytoremediation, has been applied for pollution treatment using different plant<br />species worldwide. The method has been used for remediation of various types of pollutants in laboratory, pilot and<br />industrial scales. The aim of this study was to compare the capability of heavy metal accumulation in Artemisia aucheri<br />and Astragalus gummifer in the Darre Zereshk deserts located in Taft, Iran. Plant and soil samples were collected from<br />eight stations. After acid digestion, concentration of heavy metals was measured in plant tissues and rhizosphere soil using<br />an ICP-OES instrument. The bioconcentration factors (BCF) and translocation factors (TF) were calculated for each plant<br />species. The BCF and TF in A. aucheri were higher than in A. gummifer. Therefore, it is suggested that A. aucheri has<br />higher capabilities in removing metals from polluted soils and hence is a better option for phytoremediation purposes.<br /> https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_52335_feaf6c1b2cb1c63d9a9dc24592105cd6.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressDesert2008-087519220140701Application of AHP and ELECTRE models for assessment of dedesertification alternatives1411535233610.22059/jdesert.2014.52336ENMohammad HassanSadeghiraveshDepartment of Environment, College of Agriculture, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, IranGholamrezaZehtabianDepartment of Arid and Mountainous Region Reclamation, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj,
IranHassanKhosraviDepartment of Arid and Mountainous Region Reclamation, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj,
IranJournal Article20140720The assessment of de-desertification alternatives can be effective in controlling the reclamation of disturbed land<br />and avoiding destruction of areas at risk. Until now, there has been no method to consider different criteria and<br />alternatives, or to present the optimum alternatives based on systematic structures and experts’ perspectives.<br />Desertification is a complex process resulting from various factors, including anthropogenic activities; the selection<br />of optimum alternatives is a very difficult task. This paper attempts to represent the optimum alternatives based on<br />the Multiple Attribute Decision-Making Model (MADM). For this purpose, the initial priorities for alternatives were<br />determined by Expert Choice (EC) software via Elimination and Choice Translating Reality (known as ELECTRE).<br />Then, the final priorities for alternatives were assessed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). This model<br />was tested in the Khezr Abad region, Yazd Province, to evaluate the determination of optimum alternatives. The<br />results indicated that prevention of unsuitable land use changes, vegetation cover development and reclamation, and<br />changes in groundwater harvesting, with weight averages of 22.9, 21.8 and 19.1 %, respectively, are the most<br />important desertification alternatives in the study area.<br /> https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_52336_5d41682da97be672911e40af61a5d2bf.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressDesert2008-087519220140701Meteorological drought monitoring using several drought indices (case study: Salt Lake Basin in Iran)1551655234410.22059/jdesert.2014.52344ENBehnazAsefjahDesert Management Dept., International Desert Research Center (IDRC), University of Tehran , Tehran, IranFaezehFanianDesert Management Dept., International Desert Research Center (IDRC), University of Tehran , Tehran, IranZahraFeiziDesert Management Dept., International Desert Research Center (IDRC), University of Tehran , Tehran, IranAzamAbolhasaniZarjoDesert Management Dept., International Desert Research Center (IDRC), University of Tehran , Tehran, IranHadiPaktinatR.S. and G.I.S. Dept., Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranMohsenTaghiNaghilouDesert Management Dept., International Desert Research Center (IDRC), University of Tehran , Tehran, IranA.Molaei AtaniFaculty of Agricultural Economics and Development, University of Tehran, Karaj, IranM.AsadollahiDesert Management Dept., International Desert Research Center (IDRC), University of Tehran , Tehran, IranM.BabakhaniDesert Management Dept., International Desert Research Center (IDRC), University of Tehran , Tehran, IranA.KouroshniyaDesert Management Dept., International Desert Research Center (IDRC), University of Tehran , Tehran, IranF.SalehiDesert Management Dept., International Desert Research Center (IDRC), University of Tehran , Tehran, IranJournal Article20150720Drought detecting is a necessary aspect of drought risk management. It is generally performed using<br />different drought indices that are effectively continuous functions of rainfall and other hydro- meteorological<br />variables. A number of drought indices have been introduced and used in various countries to date. In the<br />current research, four meteorological drought indices including the standardized precipitation index (SPI),<br />China-Z index (CZI), modified CZI (MCZI) and Z-Score (Z) are compared and evaluated for monitoring<br />droughts in Salt Lake Basin in Iran. The comparison of indices was carried out based on drought classes that<br />were monitored in the study area using 40 years of data. The results indicated that SPI, CZI and Z-Score<br />performed similarly with regard to drought identification and responded slowly to drought onset. DI appeared<br />to be very sensitive to precipitation rates, but had unsteady spatial and temporal variation. Additionally, by<br />considering the advantages and disadvantages of the mentioned drought predictors in Iran, the CZI and ZScore<br />could be used as good meteorological drought predictors.https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_52344_a82fba2977216e331e287c5401fafc9e.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressDesert2008-087519220140701Carbon sequestration potential in soil and stand of Nitraria schoberi L.1671725234510.22059/jdesert.2014.52345ENHamidrezaNaseriDesert Management Department, International Desert Research Center (IDRC), University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20140726Arid and semi-arid lands cover around one-third of the world's terrestrial expanse and their widespread plant<br />distributions provide these areas with a high potential for sequestering carbon. Vegetation management for developing<br />shrub or tree species in arid and semi-arid regions is one inexpensive and multi-purpose approach for decreasing CO2.<br />This study assessed the potential of carbon sequestration in the soil and biomass of a Nitraria schoberi L. stand in central<br />Iran. Samples were taken from in N. schoberi L. stand and the adjacent native vegetation (Halocnemum strobilaceum M.<br />B. and Seidlitzia rosmarinus (Ehrh.) Bge.) as control area at Hoze Soltan desert region. In both areas, the amounts of<br />aboveground and underground biomass of plant samples were calculated by cutting and weighing the aerial parts (leaves,<br />stem) and roots. The ash method was used to determine the carbon sequestration coefficients of all samples and soil<br />organic carbon (SOC) was measured using Walkley and Black's methods. A comparison between the SOC of planted and<br />control areas showed no difference regarding the ability of carbon sequestration between the two areas. The results<br />indicated that the total carbon sequestration of the N. schoberi L. stand (28.06 Mg/ha) was significantly higher (p<0.01)<br />than the control area (18.64 Mg/ha) in the Hoze Soltan region.https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_52345_254d0691e7649db3cc346702be94479f.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressDesert2008-087519220140701Combination of Fuzzy and AHP methods to assess land suitability for barley: Case Study of semi arid lands in the southwest of Iran1731815234610.22059/jdesert.2014.52346ENSaeidHamzehDept. of Remote Sensing and GIS, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranMarziehMokarramDept. of Range and Watershed Management, Agriculture College and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University,
Darab, IranSeyed KazemAlavipanahDept. of Remote Sensing and GIS, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20140923Land suitability analysis, commonly known as land evaluation, is considered an interface between land resource<br />survey and land use planning and management. Land evaluation be carried out to estimate the suitability of land for<br />a specific use such as arable farming or irrigated agriculture. There are several established techniques for generating<br />land suitability evaluation. This research was carried out to evaluate the capability of a combined fuzzy AHP method<br />for land suitability evaluation for barley crops in the southwest of Iran, and to compare the results with the standard<br />method of the FAO framework. Eight soil parameters were chosen for cropland suitability analysis and thematic<br />maps were developed with Kriging method for each of these parameters. Different fuzzy membership functions<br />obtained from the literature were employed and weights for each parameter were calculated according to AHP.<br />Landscape and soil requirements for barley were determined based on the FAO method. Finally, land suitability<br />classes were provided for each land unit. Comparing the results with expert judgments shows that the fuzzy AHP<br />method has a higher accuracy than the standard FAO method. Further development of the fuzzy AHP method would<br />be advantageous for improving the accuracy of land suitability analysis.https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_52346_44eed30c0d23665d1842c689cbc60e00.pdf