eng
University of Tehran
Desert
2008-0875
2345-475X
2009-12-01
14
2
114
117
10.22059/jdesert.2009.36324
36324
مقاله پژوهشی
Investigation of the Variations of Soil Factors under Haloxylon aphyllum Cultivation
B. Rasooli
1
M. Jafari
kh_mahdavi@yahoo.com
2
Faculty Member, Faculty of Agriculture, Rasht Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
Determination of the relationships between soil and plant cover indispensible in the in planning and managementof the arid regions, the aim being to revitalize plant cover, conserve soil and to combat desertification. Among factorsaffecting plant cover, particularly in arid and semiarid areas are soil traits. During the present study, the effect ofHaloxylon aphyllum Cultivation on soil physiochemical properties (at different depths) was investigated. A split plotdesign was employedin the study, in which cultivated and non-cultivated areas were considered as inter-relatedfactors, whereas soil depths of(0-10), (10-30) and (30-60) cm as intra- related factors. Soil texture, EC, pH, nitrogen,phosphorous and organic matter was assessed. Soluble salts of Na, Ca, Mg, Cl, K, carbonate and bicarbonate weremeasured. Haloxylon aphyllum has led to a significant difference between Ca, Mg and bicarbonate in the first layer ascompared with the third. A significant difference has been observed between nitrogen in the first soil layer incomparison with that in the second layer. Significant differences were also observed among all Haloxylon aphyllumcultivated soil layers as to the contents of Soluble K, absorbable K as well as phosphorous.
https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_36324_617b9db10ae00aa85fe4a19db0e03c53.pdf
soil
Physiochemical properties
Haloxylon aphyllum
Split plot
eng
University of Tehran
Desert
2008-0875
2345-475X
2009-12-01
14
2
119
125
10.22059/jdesert.2009.36327
36327
مقاله پژوهشی
Identification of Critical Sediment Source Areas at Regional Scale for Environmental Management (Case Study: Dehnamak Basin, Iran)
H. Ahmadi
jafari4@ut.ac.ir
1
A. Mohammadi
2
Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
Ph.D. Student of Wartershed Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
To identify critical sediment sources in large catchments, using easily available terrain information at a regionalscale, a methodology was developed to obtain a qualitative assessment necessary for environmental management.Fargas et al method was employed in the research. The study was carried out in one of the sub-basins of Hableh Roodbasin called Dehnamak in the arid and semiarid climate of Iran. The main objective of the model is to use basicterrain data related to the erosive processes that contribute to the production, transportation and accumulation ofsediments throughout the main water paths in the watershed. This model is based on a selection of homogeneouszones regarding drainage density and lithology, achieved through interrelating the basic units based on a ratingsystem. The values of drainage density are rated according to an erosion class. The lithology is rated by erosionindexes, adapted from FAO (1977). The combination and reclassification of the results brings about five qualitativeclasses of sediment risk according to Fargas et al (1997). The advantage of this method is that only two main factorsof erosion, namely lithology and drainage density are employed in it, and these factors are available in our geologicaland topographic maps in Iran. This methodology has been employed for studying the watershed Dehnamak in NEIran with an area of 248 km2. The mapping scale was 1:50000 and the model implemented through a vector GIS (ArcView). The validation was carried out through interpretation of aerial photos and fieldwork which revealed a viabilityof 75.15%. The tested methodology has been proven useful as an initial approach for erosion assessment and soilconservation planning at regional level, as well as for a selection of priority areas where further analyses can be madeto finally manage the environment.
To identify critical sediment sources in large catchments, using easily available terrain information at a regionalscale, a methodology was developed to obtain a qualitative assessment necessary for environmental management.Fargas et al method was employed in the research. The study was carried out in one of the sub-basins of Hableh Roodbasin called Dehnamak in the arid and semiarid climate of Iran. The main objective of the model is to use basicterrain data related to the erosive processes that contribute to the production, transportation and accumulation ofsediments throughout the main water paths in the watershed. This model is based on a selection of homogeneouszones regarding drainage density and lithology, achieved through interrelating the basic units based on a ratingsystem. The values of drainage density are rated according to an erosion class. The lithology is rated by erosionindexes, adapted from FAO (1977). The combination and reclassification of the results brings about five qualitativeclasses of sediment risk according to Fargas et al (1997). The advantage of this method is that only two main factorsof erosion, namely lithology and drainage density are employed in it, and these factors are available in our geologicaland topographic maps in Iran. This methodology has been employed for studying the watershed Dehnamak in NEIran with an area of 248 km2. The mapping scale was 1:50000 and the model implemented through a vector GIS (ArcView). The validation was carried out through interpretation of aerial photos and fieldwork which revealed a viabilityof 75.15%. The tested methodology has been proven useful as an initial approach for erosion assessment and soilconservation planning at regional level, as well as for a selection of priority areas where further analyses can be madeto finally manage the environment.
https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_36327_2232e45b0f04506610ffe04f7a377621.pdf
Dehnamak basin
Sediment sources
aerial photos
GIS
eng
University of Tehran
Desert
2008-0875
2345-475X
2009-12-01
14
2
127
132
10.22059/jdesert.2009.36332
36332
مقاله پژوهشی
The Evaluation of Contaminated Soil by Petroleum Mulch in Combating Desertification
H. Akbarnia
1
Scientific Member, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), National Iranian Oil Company, Tehran, Iran
The most usual type of petroleum mulch, which has been successfully used to combat desertification in large areain Iran for more than thirty years, is produced by heavy residue petroleum cuts. The petroleum mulch consists of awide range of different heavy hydrocarbons such as Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are present atlow level in petroleum mulch, where there is contact with water and soil and the potential for transferring ofcompounds into environment. Some of PAHS especially benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) have been recommended fordetermining and comparing with standard criteria on causing cancer .Although Iran has a long domestic experience insand dune fixation by using petroleum products but so far there is no proper research in probable effects of usingpetroleum mulch on environment either in Iran or any other involved countries. In this study it was assumed thatrainfall and temperature would affect mulch disintegration process, then considering these parameters, differentclimatic zones in three provinces -Khuzestan, Kerman and Sistan - were selected and samples were prepared fromseveral sites of any provinces, both in mulch-sprayed sites and non-sprayed sites (observation). In order to estimatethe content of PAHs, several soil samples were taken in different depths from the above-mentioned sites. QuarteringProcedure selected the soil samples beneath mulch layer and the PAHS analysis was performed by solvent extractionand HPLC method with UV fluorescence detection and results were compared to standard criteria. The resultsindicated that the content of PAHs and mostly BaP in petroleum mulch and soil samples beneath mulch layer are lessthan the permitted limit in national standards. This component, in the depth of 5 cm, decreased to 1/40 of the initialeven after years. Then, it shows very low penetration. Therefore, the petroleum mulch and contaminated soils can beconsidered as safe materials.
The most usual type of petroleum mulch, which has been successfully used to combat desertification in large areain Iran for more than thirty years, is produced by heavy residue petroleum cuts. The petroleum mulch consists of awide range of different heavy hydrocarbons such as Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are present atlow level in petroleum mulch, where there is contact with water and soil and the potential for transferring ofcompounds into environment. Some of PAHS especially benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) have been recommended fordetermining and comparing with standard criteria on causing cancer .Although Iran has a long domestic experience insand dune fixation by using petroleum products but so far there is no proper research in probable effects of usingpetroleum mulch on environment either in Iran or any other involved countries. In this study it was assumed thatrainfall and temperature would affect mulch disintegration process, then considering these parameters, differentclimatic zones in three provinces -Khuzestan, Kerman and Sistan - were selected and samples were prepared fromseveral sites of any provinces, both in mulch-sprayed sites and non-sprayed sites (observation). In order to estimatethe content of PAHs, several soil samples were taken in different depths from the above-mentioned sites. QuarteringProcedure selected the soil samples beneath mulch layer and the PAHS analysis was performed by solvent extractionand HPLC method with UV fluorescence detection and results were compared to standard criteria. The resultsindicated that the content of PAHs and mostly BaP in petroleum mulch and soil samples beneath mulch layer are lessthan the permitted limit in national standards. This component, in the depth of 5 cm, decreased to 1/40 of the initialeven after years. Then, it shows very low penetration. Therefore, the petroleum mulch and contaminated soils can beconsidered as safe materials.
https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_36332_de3c3d0c97be17d6327fd3d7866480ad.pdf
Petroleum mulch
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
contaminated soil
Desertification
Sand dune fixation
eng
University of Tehran
Desert
2008-0875
2345-475X
2009-12-01
14
2
133
140
10.22059/jdesert.2009.36333
36333
مقاله پژوهشی
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Drought Vulnerability using the Standardized Precipitation Index (Case study: Semnan Province, Iran)
M. Karimpour Reyhan
1
Y. Esmaeilpour
2
A. Malekian
3
N. Mashhadi
4
N. Kamali
5
Associate Professor, International Desert Research Center, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Ph.D. Student, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
Assistant Professor, International Desert Research Center, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Assistant Professor, International Desert Research Center, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
MSc. Graduate, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
This study was conducted to identify drought event and its emerging regions in Markazi desert, Iran with focus onSemnan province in a 30 years statistical period. In this research, 61 stations having adequate data selected and usedafter extracting annual statistic from monthly and daily data. Standardized precipitation index values for each stationwere calculated and classified. The Results have shown that there was drought condition in 17 studied stations. Alsoamong 44 stations with no drought condition, there was one humid year in 20 cases. Khareh sarlazor station has thefirst position of drought and humid condition among other stations, with 10 drought years and 5 humid years. Thenumber of common years with normal condition is 3 years and the most extensive drought in 1999 has occurred in 10dry stations and 1 very dry station. The existence of common trend of variation using study of correlation amongstations has resulted in determination of 7 groups which these results can be useful according to temporal distance ofone or two years in appearing drought in the same group of stations.
https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_36333_db3045ee86aae100c376bcb89420cd05.pdf
Drought
Standardized Precipitation Index
Semnan
Iran
eng
University of Tehran
Desert
2008-0875
2345-475X
2009-12-01
14
2
141
150
10.22059/jdesert.2009.36334
36334
مقاله پژوهشی
Solar Radiation Estimation from Rainfall and Temperature Data in Arid and Semi-arid Climates of Iran
N. Ghahreman
1
B. Bakhtiari
2
Asst. Prof., College of Soil and Water Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
Precipitation and air temperature data, only, are often recorded at meteorological stations, with radiation beingmeasured at very few weather stations, especially in developing countries. Therefore there arises a need for suitablemodels to estimate solar radiation for a completion of data sets. This paper is about an evaluation of eight models foran estimation of daily solar radiation (Q) from commonly measured variables in six synoptic stations of Iran, namely:Mashhad, Kerman, Tabriz, Esfehan, Hamedan and Zanjan using daily rainfall and temperature data for a duration ofthree years of 2000, 2001 and 2002. These stations represent several arid and semiarid sub-climates of Iran as basedon extended-De Martonne climatic classification (semiarid-cold: Mashhad and Tabriz, arid-cold: Esfehan, Kerman,semiarid-extracold: Hamedan and Zanjan). The STATISTICA (ver. 6.0) software was employed for non-linearmultivariate regression. The results indicated that most of the models overestimated in lower values of solar radiationwhile underestimating in the higher ranges, indicating a systematic error. Performance of the models was evaluatedbased on the Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE) as well as R2. RMSE ranged from 1.14 to 7.76 Cal cm-2min-1 for thewhole data range and in all the six stations. Among the eight models, the Richardson model rendered the bestagreement with the measured data in Kerman and Zanjan stations. In case of Hamedan station, Bristow and Campbellmodel was the most suitable. As for Tabriz station, De Jong and Stewart model using rainfall and range of dailytemperature data led to the best performance. In Mashhad station, McCaskill equation can be recommended. Analysisof the data in Esfehan station showed no significant difference among the models. Due to variation in equations'performances, to come to valid conclusions and to choose the most suitable radiation models, further study would berequired from other climatic regions the country.
https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_36334_3687ed95bf6ed44550c082e8c9f5b219.pdf
Radiation models
Rainfall
Solar radiation
temperature
eng
University of Tehran
Desert
2008-0875
2345-475X
2009-12-01
14
2
151
155
10.22059/jdesert.2009.36335
36335
مقاله پژوهشی
Competition of Different Densities of Wild Mustard (Brassica kaber) and Rapeseed (Brassica napus) in Greenhouse
R. Naderi
yaemam3@shirazu.ac.ir
1
H. Ghadiri
ghadiri@shirazu.ac.ir
2
Former M.Sc. Student, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Professor, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the competitive effects of different densities of wild mustardas against rapeseed. The experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design with four replicationsusing replacement series in which wild mustard and rapeseed were respectively planted in different ratios of 4:0, 3:1,2:2, 1:3 and 0:4 plants per pot. Results indicated that the maximum height, number of siliques per plant, silique lengthand number of seeds per silique in rapeseed vs. the maximum height, silique length and number of seeds per siliquein wild mustard were obtained in their monoculture states. Overall evaluation of relative yield showed that bothspecies were exploiting the resources in different ways or even somehow benefiting each other. Relative crowdingcoefficient of rapeseed as against wild mustard in the 3:1 treatment was greater than that in the other plant ratiotreatments. Competition indices revealed that rapeseed benefited from a more competitive ability than wild mustard.
https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_36335_489d8603422865de649389c66f50e281.pdf
Competition
replacement series
rapeseed
Wild mustard
eng
University of Tehran
Desert
2008-0875
2345-475X
2009-12-01
14
2
157
161
10.22059/jdesert.2009.36336
36336
مقاله پژوهشی
Comparison of Some Split-window Algorithms to Estimate Land Surface Temperature from AVHRR Data in Southeastern Tehran,
S.M. Behbahani
1
A. Rahimikhoob
2
M. Nazarifar
3
Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Department, College of Abureyhan ,University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Department, College of Abureyhan ,University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Department, College of Abureyhan ,University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Land surface temperature (LST) is a significant parameter for many applications. Many studies have proposedvarious algorithms, such as the split-window method, for retrieving surface temperatures from two spectrallyadjacent thermal infrared bands of satellite data. Each algorithm is developed for a limited study area andapplication. In this paper, as part of developing an optimal split-window method in the southeast of Tehran province,Iran, four commonly applied algorithms to retrieve the LST from AVHRR were compared. This study was carriedout in a wheat farm site located in the Pakdasht Agricultural Region. Measurements of LST over the farm were madewith a manual infrared radiometer at the time of NOAA overpass for 18 days of May to June 2004. These days werecloud free over the study area. A total of 18 NOAA images were acquired for the days that LST measurements weremade. The temperatures derived by the different split-window algorithms were compared to ground truthmeasurements. The performance of the split window algorithms was checked with three statistical indices: root meansquare error (RMSE), mean bias error (MBE) and coefficient of determination (R2). The results showed that theUlivieri split-window algorithm produced the lowest value of RMSE and MBE (2.71 and 0.26 K, respectively) andits highest value of R2 (0.92) gave more accurate results than the other algorithms.
https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_36336_6db54674d2a0dc14f7c5a346e7f80995.pdf
Land surface temperature
NOAA
Split-window
Iran
eng
University of Tehran
Desert
2008-0875
2345-475X
2009-12-01
14
2
163
169
10.22059/jdesert.2009.36337
36337
مقاله پژوهشی
Effects of Salt Stress on Vegetative Growth and Ion Accumulation of Two alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Cultivars
Y. Emam
yaemam2@shirazu.ac.ir
1
E. Bijanzadeh
2
R. Naderi
yaemam3@shirazu.ac.ir
3
M. Edalat
4
Professor, College of Agricultural, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Faculty member, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
PhD. student, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
PhD. student, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Salt stress is one of the most chalanging abiotic stresses affecting natural productivity and causing significant croplosses worldwide. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of two alfalfa cultivars (Bamiand Hamedani) to 6 levels of salinity (0 as control, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 mM NaCl) at the College of Agriculture,Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran in 2008. Plant dry weight per pot in both cultivars decreased with increasing salinitylevels. However, Bami as compared to Hamedani, with the lowest Na+ sequestration, produced the greater dry matterweight. Leaf area per pot was significantly affected by salt stress with Bami cultivar showing a higher leaf area thanHamedani. Na+ accumulation also increased by increase in the salinity level in either one of the cultivars; however,Na+ sequestration of Bami as compared to Hamedani, was lower due to Na+ exclusion mechanisms occurring in thiscultivar. Although Cl- accumulation increased with increasing salinity level in either one of the cultivars, Claccumulationwas higher in Hamedani than in the other cultivar. Similar to K+/Na+ ratio, Ca2+/Na+ ratio alsodecreased by an increase in salt stress levels and there were highly significant differences observed between 25 and125 mM of NaCl in either one of the cultivars. There was a strong positive relationship observed between plant drymatter weight and leaf relative water content for both Bami (R2=0.94) and Hamedani (R2=0.96) cultivars under saltstress conditions. All in all, it appears that less adverse effect of salinity on Bami cultivar has made it suitable forgrowth in saline soils as compared to Hamedani in saline areas prevailent in south Iran.
https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_36337_37704257b6b1aef908ce287b3893ea74.pdf
Alfalfa
NaCl
K+/Na+ Ratio
dry weight
eng
University of Tehran
Desert
2008-0875
2345-475X
2009-12-01
14
2
171
184
10.22059/jdesert.2009.36338
36338
مقاله پژوهشی
An Improvement on Land Surface Temperature Determination by Producing Surface Emissivity Maps
M. Pahlevani
1
M. Mobasheri
2
MSc. student of Remote Sensing, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
Associate Prof., K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
Emissivity mapping of the Earth’s surface is the prerequisite to thermal remote sensing. A precise determinationof a surface's temperature is dependent upon the availability of precise emissivity data for that surface. The presentstudy area is a part of sugarcane plantation fields in the west part of Khuzestan province. In this work, TemperatureEmissivity Separation algorithm (TES) was applied to five different ASTER L1B images. It was found out that TESmethod overestimates temperature in all the five thermal bands, and underestimates the emissivities as compared tothe laboratory values. The differences in the emissivity values (as compared to laboratory values) varied from 10% inband 10 to 3% in band 14. The main reasons for these discrepancies were a lack of proper calibration of the thermalbands, the possible presence of radiometric noises in the calculation of the emissivity Maximum MinimumDifferences (MMD) as well as mixed pixels. To overcome these uncertainties in the TES algorithm, an ImprovedTES method (ITES) was introduced. In the ITES method, the surface exiting thermal fluxes were simulated. Theemissivities of four different reference surfaces, along with air temperature measured at nearby weather stations(believed to represent LST of full vegetated pixels) and the band 14 temperature, were employed as inputs. Theresults show noticeable improvements in the predicted emissivity to around 1% for band 10 and less than 1% forbands 13 and 14 as compared to the corresponding laboratory values. The root mean square error (RMSE) ofemissivities for full vegetation cover was less than 0.015 and less than 0.01 for partial vegetated cover, bare soil, andsea water surface. Finally, emissivity maps for one sample image, employing the five thermal bands, were produced.It is believed that these maps can be used in other satellite images as layers of emissivity values for the purpose of aproper estimation of surface temperatures.
https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_36338_51e980c3c7c5ff4808eed78e91767184.pdf
remote sensing
ASTER
TES algorithm
Emissivity mapping
eng
University of Tehran
Desert
2008-0875
2345-475X
2009-12-01
14
2
185
196
10.22059/jdesert.2009.36339
36339
مقاله پژوهشی
Long Lead Flood Simulation Using Downscaled GCM Data in Arid and Semi-arid Regions: A Case Study
M. Karamouz
1
M. Fallahi
2
S. Nazif
3
A. Ahmadi
4
Professor, School of Civil Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
M.Sc., School of Civil Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
Ph.D. Candidate, School of Civil Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Ph.D. Candidate, School of Civil Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Flood is one of the most calamitous natural disasters that causes extensive property and life damages across theworld. It however, could be a blessing due to its special natural water resources recharging value. By simulating themagnitude of probable floods considering the anthropogenic and natural effects and implementing contingency plans,their damages could be reduced. In this paper, the General Circulation Model (GCM) climate change scenarios areemployed to simulate future floods. The GCM scenarios include simulation of climatic signals of the futureconsidering green house gas emission forces. In this study a statistical downscaling model (SDSM) has been appliedfor rainfall downscaling to provide regional results from GCM outputs. Then, a rainfall-runoff model called HECHMShas been employed to estimate runoff in the region. The maximum simulated rainfall for each year that is ofhigh enough potential to cause flood, is introduced into the rainfall-runoff model to simulate the plausiblehydrograph of the flood. The proposed procedure is applied to the Kajoo River basin in South Baloochestan region,south-east of Iran.
https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_36339_1a4dd28b6b2233492da75080c9240b43.pdf
Downscaling
flood simulation
Rainfall-Runoff model
GCM
eng
University of Tehran
Desert
2008-0875
2345-475X
2009-12-01
14
2
197
207
10.22059/jdesert.2009.36340
36340
مقاله پژوهشی
Studying the Morphologic Maturation of Aeolian Sand Grains During Transportation Process of Wind Erosion (Case study: Khartouran Erg)
N. Mashhadi
1
M. Ekhtesasi
2
Assistant Professor, International Desert Research Center, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Yazd, Yazd, Iran
Wind, in the duration of its erosional process, affects considerable changes in a grain's morphologyfrom its removal (detachment) step to sedimentation. In other word, a grain undergoes its gradualevolution during the transit process. In this project, the maturation of Aeolian sand grains had beenstudied upon as based on texture maturity indicator which includes: sorting, mean size grain, roundness aswell as abrasion coefficient parameters. The study area is the transport region of Khartouran Ergsediments, which founded on the basis of ground index of wind erosion. According to these indicators,the direction of prevailing or strong winds is notably mentioned. In a later step, four transects are selectedin different area in alignment with wind direction. Samples of sediment grains are taken at varieddistances in any one of the transects. The samples were taken from the windward slope of Rebdoulandform. The samples were evaluated to using granulometry and morphoscopy techniques. Grain sizeanalysis of was done using dry sieve analysis while morphoscopy of grains carried out by studying thequartz grains of 150 to 300 μm diameter by using binocular microscope. Results indicate a gradualmaturity (evolution) in sediment texture in all transects starting from the upper parts (near sand source)toward the lower parts (in transportation area).Also, results indicate that from among the four indicatorsof grain maturity namely: sorting, grain size, roundness and abrasion coefficient the respective factors ofeither " abrasion coefficient index" or" roundness index " in the first value and then" sorting" and finally"grain’s mean size index" are the ones accounted for validation for determination of maturity.
https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_36340_1004d217c3f2199b76eb5801d6e6d32a.pdf
Khartouran Erg
Deflation
Abrasion
Wind Erosion
Removal zone
Transit zone
sand dunes
Wind
erosion indicators
eng
University of Tehran
Desert
2008-0875
2345-475X
2009-12-01
14
2
209
215
10.22059/jdesert.2009.36341
36341
مقاله پژوهشی
Evaluation of the Efficiency of CROPWAT Model for Determining Plant Water Requirement in Arid Regions
A. Malekian
1
H. Ghasemi
2
A. Ahmadian
3
Assistant Professor, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
MSc. Graduate of Combating Desertification, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran
Ph.D. Student , Zabol University, Zabol, Iran
Shortage of water resources and increasing demand to consumption of this scarce resource, leads to somenoticeable limitations. On the other hand, population growth and consequently, increasing demand for water in aridand semi arid regions , needs production in exchange of little amount of water consumption. To approach thisobjective, an experiment in the complete randomized blocks carried out in four replications for cumin plant growingin Zabol, southeastern Iran. Experimental treatments included irrigation periods at three levels. Then usingCROPWAT model, the water requirement of the plant is met. Analyzing the data resulted from production gatheredin different times of irrigation and consumption of water in the three times irrigation case with sound efficiency (1750m3/ha), is more little than the water amount which is simulated by the CROPWAT model in 2003 (6070 m3/ha) and(5363 m3/ha) in 2004. It then showed that this model is not effective in determining the water requirement of cumin atthis region.
https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_36341_b5506d9c85fe0387ce84d4132b117cfa.pdf
Water requirement
Cumin
CROPWAT model
Efficiency
Zabol
simulation