eng
University of Tehran
Desert
2008-0875
2345-475X
2010-12-01
15
2
71
74
10.22059/jdesert.2011.23003
23003
Forage quality of three life forms of rangeland species in semi arid and semi humid regions in different phenological stages
H Arzani
harzani6@ut.ac.ir
1
Z Ahmadi
harzani5@ut.ac.ir
2
H Azarnivand
harzani4@ut.ac.ir
3
M.R. Bihamta
harzani3@ut.ac.ir
4
Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran
Faculty member of Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr branch, Iran
Asociate professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran
Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Iran
For determination of grazing capacity, information of forage quality is essential which is influenced by various factors. The main objective of this research was investigation on effects of species, phenological stages, and life form on values of forage quality indices of six range species. Species were two grasses (Bromus tomentellus and Dactylis glomerata), two forbs (Ferula ovina and Coronilla varia) and two shrubs (Salsola rigida and Artemisia aucheri). Samples were collected from two highland ranges of Gachsar and Vard Avar. They were dried, grained and analyzed in Laboratory. The results showed that forage quality indices values including crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), dry matter digestibility (DMD) and metabolizable energy (ME) were significantly differed among species, phenological stages, and life forms (P
https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_23003_fc9bb58033c294e7c87191e141f627dc.pdf
Acid detergent fiber
crude protein
dry matter digestibility
growth stage
Metabolizable energy
eng
University of Tehran
Desert
2008-0875
2345-475X
2010-12-01
15
2
75
81
10.22059/jdesert.2011.23004
23004
Study of the relationship between soil properties and natural regeneration of Haloxylon aphyllum in planted areas of Ardestan
GH.R. Zehtabian
ghzehtab5@ut.ac.ir
1
M. Ghadimi
ghzehtab4@ut.ac.ir
2
J Bakhshi
ghzehtab3@ut.ac.ir
3
M.A. Zare Chahouki
ghzehtab2@ut.ac.ir
4
Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran
PhD student , Faculty of Geography , University of Tehran, Iran
M.Sc Graduate, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran
Present research was conducted with the aim of determination of significant effect of soil properties on natural regeneration of Haloxylon aphyllum and correlation coefficient and linear relation between soil variables and natural regeneration of Haloxylon aphyllum. Firstly, geomorphologic units were prepared in the areas under cultivation of Haloxylon aphyllum in Ardestan. Two cultivated lands in Heidarabad and, Shamsabad were selected for sampling. Then, random systematic sampling was carried out in each of these lands. For this propuse, Thirty quadrates to size 10 × 10 m were for sampling and offsprings resulted from regeneretion of planted Haloxylon aphyllum plants were counted and, further, samples were taken form the soil in some locations for me measurements on physical variables (clay, sand and silt percentages)and chemical variables (Electrical conductivity, acidity, organic carbon, nitrogen and exchangeable Sodium) . Results form such studies indicated that soil natural regeneration is significantly different in two regions of Heidarabad and Shamsabad at 1% level. Among soil physical and chemical variables, silt percentage had the highest effect compared to other variables, and also, physical variable were appeared to be effective factors on natural regeneration. There was a linear relation and negative correlation between the percentages of clay, silt, Electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon, nitrogen and exchangeable Sodium (Na) with natural regeneration. Besides, results indicated the existence of a stright linear relation between the percentage of sand and the level of natural regeneration.
https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_23004_f7c4a463617312b85a94233d706b762a.pdf
Generation
Haloxylon aphyllum
oil chemistry
oil physics
rdestan
eng
University of Tehran
Desert
2008-0875
2345-475X
2010-12-01
15
2
83
102
10.22059/jdesert.2011.23005
23005
Criteria of selecting satellite data for studying land resources
S.K. Alavipanah
salavipa6@chamran.ut.ac.ir
1
H.R. Matinfar
salavipa5@chamran.ut.ac.ir
2
A. Rafiei Emam
salavipa4@chamran.ut.ac.ir
3
K. Khodaei
salavipa3@chamran.ut.ac.ir
4
R. Hadji Bagheri
salavipa2@chamran.ut.ac.ir
5
A Yazdan Panah
salavipa@chamran.ut.ac.ir
6
Professor, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Iran
Assistant Professor, College of Agriculture, University of Lorestan, Iran
M.Sc Graduate, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Iran
Faculty member, Institute of Applied Basic Science of Jihad Daneshgahi, Iran
Graduate Student, University of Tehran, Iran
International Desert Research Center – Kerman Branch, University of Tehran, Iran
In recent years, acquiring information of remote sensing data, especially satellite data has excessively increased and several methods are presented in order to improve the quality of remote sensing studies in earth sciences. It is possible to manage many projects and provide different types of thematic maps in a short period of time, and a low cost by utilizing satellite data and GIS method. Recent researches show that utilizing satellite data in studying natural phenomena can effectively help to reduce the time and cost at the same time maximize the precision. But, many users of these data face confusion at choosing suitable image for their subject and lack a special criterion for that end, Or else they merely take one or two criteria in to account and lack a comprehensive view in choosing the best image. Therefore, defining and analyzing criteria for correct and precise selection of satellite data, in accordance with case-study, is crucial. So, in this article, we investigate the image selection criteria, especially their role in minimizing time, cost and extracting useful data. On the basis of the results, prior to doing of the project, users of these data need to study selection criteria properly. After that, on the basis of these criteria and phenomena under study they should set out to choose sensor type, date of image acquisition, image type, and methods of information extraction. Therefore in research, different practical aspects of satellite images as well as criteria for selecting suitable images are investigated and subsequently information and suitable solutions are provided for users.
https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_23005_84c75c713314f36c4d5b0a203ffc9d59.pdf
Criteria
Image selection
Land resources
Remote sensing & GIS
Satellite
eng
University of Tehran
Desert
2008-0875
2345-475X
2010-12-01
15
2
103
109
10.22059/jdesert.2011.23006
23006
Growth response and ion distribution of two canola varieties to different potassium to sodium ratios
H Rezaei
nayer3@mailcity.com
1
N.A. Khosh Kholgh Sima
nayer2@mailcity.com
2
M.J. Malakouti
nayer@mailcity.com
3
aAssistant Professor, Soil and Water Research Institute, Iran
Assistant Professor, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Iran
Professor, Tarbiat Modarres University, Iran
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a crop relatively tolerant to salt. The effect of different ratios of NaCl/KCl was studied in two cultivars (Hyola308 and Kristina) of Rapeseed in 2002. Canola seedlings were grown in Hoagland’s solutions, which were salinized by different ratios of NaCl/KCl. The treatments or KCl:NaCl ratios were 0:0 (control);10:10; 20:0 (Total Added Salt or TAS=20 mol.m-3), 0:75; 10:65; 20:55(TAS=75 mol.m-3); 0:150; 10:140; 20:130; (TAS=150 mol.m-3) in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Plants were harvested before flowering stage and data were collected for root and shoot characteristics. The results indicated that in both cultivars, the shoot dry weight was decreased with increasing NaCl concentration in nutrient solutions. Increasing the KCl concentration in the nutrient medium significantly (P
https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_23006_12609fd04612ad3efd8e11efbccfe4e8.pdf
Canola
coefficients
Partitioning
salt stress
eng
University of Tehran
Desert
2008-0875
2345-475X
2010-12-01
15
2
111
117
10.22059/jdesert.2011.23007
23007
Response of Russian brome, crested wheatgrass and tall wheatgrass to annual precipitation and grazing management in a semi-arid area
H. Tavakoli
tavakoli_res3@yahoo.com
1
D.A. Saghi
tavakoli_res2@yahoo.com
2
M. Kazemi
tavakoli_res@yahoo.com
3
Assistant professor, Agricultural & Natural Resources Research Center of Khorasan Razavi, Iran
Researcher, Agricultural & Natural Resources Research Center of Khorasan Razavi, Iran
Researcher, Agricultural & Natural Resources Research Center of Khorasan Razavi, Iran
Three grass species, Agropyron desertorum (Agde) and Agropyron elongatum (Agel) and recently, Bromus tomentellus (Brto) are mainly used for range improvement as mixed seeding in semi-arid areas of Iran. Because there is little information about management of these grasses, this study was conducted at the Sisab Research Station in northern Iran to evaluate their responses to grazing management and annual precipitation. Four grazing management treatments were applied for three consecutive years, from 1999 to 2001: no grazing, and light (20-45% forage removal), moderate (45-65% forage removal) and heavy (65-80% forage removal) grazing by lambs and sheep. The fourth year was considered to be a rest from grazing. Data recorded up to fifth years from 1999-2003. The average herbage yield (HY) production across years of Agde (1357 kg/ha) and Agel (1250 kg/ha) was statistically similar, and higher than that of Brto (880 kg/ha). HY decreased with reduction in annual precipitation for all species, especially Agel. Plant number per unit area declined over the study period in all species. Three years of heavy grazing resulted in significant reduction in HY and/or plant number for Brto and Agde, but the rest year compensated for the negative effect of intensive grazing on dry matter production
https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_23007_0c2a3c06d3edb297c9a05dee0339e94c.pdf
Agropyron desertorum
Agropyron elongatum
Bromus tomentellus
forage removal
herbage yield production
eng
University of Tehran
Desert
2008-0875
2345-475X
2010-12-01
15
2
119
125
10.22059/jdesert.2011.23008
23008
Effects of NaCl and Na2SO4 on germination and initial growth phase of Halostachys caspica
M.H. Assareh
beh_rasooli3@yahoo.com
1
B. Rasouli
beh_rasooli2@yahoo.com
2
B. Amiri
beh_rasooli@yahoo.com
3
Professor, Institute of Forests &Rangelands, Iran
bAssistant Professor, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Iran
Assistant Professor,, Islamic Azad University, Firouz Abad Branch, Iran
Current research on effect of increasing concentrations (0 (control), 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mM) of different salts including NaCl and Na2SO4 on germination and initial growth phase of Halostachys caspica were studied. The experimental design was completely randomized design with three replications. Characters of percentage, speed and index of germination, seed healthy index, radicle, plumule and plant length were measured. For analyzing of results were used of ANOVA, Duncan test and parried T- test sample in SPSS software. It was compared with germination under control condition, the most of characters of NaCl salt were not affected by 100 mM NaCl but were affected significantly different by 100 mM Na2SO4 salt. The results showed that effect of same concentration NaCl and Na2SO4 on radicle, plumule and plant length are significantly different but on percentage, speed and index of germination and seed healthy index the different aren’t significantly. The results showed that germination percentage were severely inhibited by 500 mM NaCl but no affected severely by 500 mM Na2SO4. However, the results showed that Halostachys caspica in growth characters such as, radicle, plumule and plant length is more sensitive to Na2SO4 than NaCl salt but in germination characters such as percentage, peed and index of germination is more sensitive to NaCl than Na2SO4 salt. At least we can put Halostachys caspica chloridephyte and sulfatephyte group of halophytes.
https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_23008_a264210eff3e1bf39db1e28eb65a2877.pdf
Chloridephyte
germination
Halostachys caspica
NaCl
Sulfatephyte
Na2SO4
eng
University of Tehran
Desert
2008-0875
2345-475X
2010-12-01
15
2
127
132
10.22059/jdesert.2011.23009
23009
Comparison of physical and statistical methods for estimating probable maximum precipitation in southwestern basins of Iran
E. Fattahi
ebfat20022@yahoo.com
1
A.M. Noorian
ebfat2002@yahoo.com
2
K. Noohi
ebfat20023@yahoo.com
3
Faculty member, Atmospheric Science and Meteorological Research Center (ASMERC), Iran
Faculty member, Atmospheric Science and Meteorological Research Center (ASMERC), Iran
Faculty member, Atmospheric Science and Meteorological Research Center (ASMERC), Iran
The probable maximum precipitation (PMP) is the greatest depth of precipitation for a given duration that is physically possible over a given size storm area at a particular geographical location at a certain time of the year. In this study a physically based method was compared with a statistical procedure to calculate PMP in the southwest arid regions of Iran. In order to estimate PMP using a physically or meteorologically oriented method, such climatological elements as precipitation, dew point temperature, and wind speed were studied in seven synoptic stations in the region. Synoptic maps of appropriate time scales were also studied. Then widespread and severe storms with various durations were selected and Depth-Area-Duration (DAD) curves for all the selected storms extracted. Using the physical method, PMP estimations were obtained at different locations and then the results applied to areas of 1000, 5000 and 10,000 km2. PMP estimations were also obtained through statistical analysis of the series of annual maximum 24 hour precipitations. The result showed that the values obtained through statistical procedures are more than two times those of meteorological method, for all the stations. Comparison of estimates indicated that least difference between two methods belongs to Abadan and the most difference to Bushehr, the magnitude of PMP in physical method is 39.2 and 22.8 percent of statistical method, respectively. Thus using statistical method for an estimation of PMP in the region leads to unacceptable consequences for a construction of water structures.
https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_23009_b93146425bd1c8c5f3ad8060d53efc60.pdf
Depth-Area-Duration (DAD)
Hershfield's method
(PMP
Probable Maximum Precipitation
eng
University of Tehran
Desert
2008-0875
2345-475X
2010-12-01
15
2
133
138
10.22059/jdesert.2011.23010
23010
Interrelationships among grain yield and related characters of four oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars under drought stress conditions
R. Naderi
yaemam3@shirazu.ac.ir
1
Y. Emam
yaemam2@shirazu.ac.ir
2
PhD student, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Iran
Professor, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Iran
Four rapeseed cultivars (Hayola 401, Hayola 308, RGS and Option) were evaluated for some physiological traits under stress (50 % field capacity (FC) and non-stress (irrigated) conditions. The factorial set of treatments was arranged within a randomized complete block design with three replications. The collected data were analyzed using path and factor analyses. These is results showed that based on correlation coefficient, path and factor analysis number of seeds per silique was the best criteria for rapeseed cultivar selection under non-stress conditions and silique length, number of seeds per silique and photosynthesis rate at flowering stage were the best criteria for selection and yield improvement under stress conditions. Our results also indicated that selection based on simple correlation may not be efficient. The results of this study may guide breeders to introduce suitable drought resistant rapeseed cultivars for arid regions.
https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_23010_fb5cbc9b4118143e4f2abc400725327d.pdf
Cultivar selection
Drought stress
factor analysis
oilseed rape
Path analysis
eng
University of Tehran
Desert
2008-0875
2345-475X
2010-12-01
15
2
139
149
10.22059/jdesert.2011.23011
23011
Geostatistical assessment of Pb and the related soil physical and chemical properties in near-surface soil around Sepahanshahr, Isfahan
M. Dayani
j-mohammadi3@agr.sku.ac.ir
1
J. Mohammadi
j-mohammadi2@agr.sku.ac.ir
2
M. Naderi Khorasgani
j-mohammadi@agr.sku.ac.ir
3
Instructor, Faculty of Agriculture, Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Ramin, Iran
Assoc. Prof., Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Iran
Assist. Prof., Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Iran
This paper presents a survey on soil Pb concentration around Sepahanshahr town located in vicinity of Isfahan. Due to the lack of regulation and environmental education and awareness, Sepahanshahr is now a rapid growing residential area suffering from the considerable consequences of poorly regulated mining activities operating in its vicinity. The aim of this study is to explore the spatial structure of Pb distribution and to map Pb pollution using geostatistical techniques. 100 near-surface soil samples were collected and analyzed for Pb and some other related soil physical and chemical variables such as pH, organic matter content, electrical conductivity, clay, silt and sand contents. The variography results show a strong spatial dependency in Pb data due to the dilution effects of natural factors including atmospheric dispersion and precipitation. The almost same range values calculated for both Ln-transformed Pb data and sand content suggest presence of co-regionalization. Kriged Pb map shows a strong gradient of Pb concentration around the three mining sites activating in the area. The results of this study provide insight into identification of the extent and the spatial variability of Pb pollution in the mining sites and surrounding area.
https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_23011_d5c16810d60be26ca507c54d4357f2c1.pdf
Chemical Properties
Geostatistics
lead
Physical properties
Pollution mapping
Sepahanshahr
eng
University of Tehran
Desert
2008-0875
2345-475X
2010-12-01
15
2
151
158
10.22059/jdesert.2011.23012
23012
Predicting the distribution of plant species using logistic regression (Case study: Garizat rangelands of Yazd province)
M.A. Zare Chahouki
ghzehtab2@ut.ac.ir
1
A. Zare Chahouki
mazare2@ut.ac.ir
2
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran
MSc.Graduate, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran
The aim of this research was to study the relationships between presence of plant species and environmental factors in Garizat rangelands of Yazd province and providing their predictive habitat models. After delimitation of the study area, sampling was performed using randomized-systematic method. Accordingly, vegetation data including presence and cover percentage were determined in each quadrate. The topographic conditions were recorded in plot locations. Soil samples were taken at depths of 0-30 and 30-80 cm in each plot. The measured soil variables included texture, lime, saturation moisture, gypsum, acidity (pH), ECe and soluble inos (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Cl-, Co32-, HCo3- and So42-). Logistic regression technique was used to analyze the collected data. The results showed that the vegetation distribution is mainly related to soil characteristics such as texture, gravel, EC, gypsum, lime and OM. The presence of Artemisia sieberi- Zygophyllum eurypterum has relation with gravel, lime, available water and pH. Ephedra strobilaceae-Zygophyllum eurypterum has positive relation with gypsum. Rheum ribes-Artemisia sieberi has relation with clay and OM. Cornulaca monacantha has also relation with elevation above sea, gravel and gypsum. The presence of Seidlitzia rosmarinus has relation with lime. Electrical conductivity is the most factors effect on presence of Tamarix ramosissima.
https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_23012_7bcfdefe795af1184de20c237e934837.pdf
amarix ramosissima
heum ribes
Logistic regression
nvironmental factors
phedra strobilacea
rtemisia sieberi
ygopyllum eurypterum
eng
University of Tehran
Desert
2008-0875
2345-475X
2010-12-01
15
2
159
165
10.22059/jdesert.2011.23013
23013
Urban waste compost, manure and nitrogen fertilizer effects on the initial growth of corn (Zea mays L.)
R. Naderi
yaemam3@shirazu.ac.ir
1
H. Ghadiri
ghadiri@shirazu.ac.ir
2
PhD Student, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Iran
Professor, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Iran
Field experiment was conducted in 2008 at the Research Field of Agricultural College of Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran to investigate the effects of urban waste compost (UWC), manure and chemical fertilizer on the initial growth of corn (Zea mays). Experimental design was split plot factorial with three replications. Main plots were assigned to nitrogen (N) fertilizer (0 and 200 kg N ha-1), and sub plots were factorial application of municipal waste compost (0, 25 and 50 t ha-1) and manure (0, 25 and 50 t ha-1) with all possible combinations. Results showed that increase in urban waste compost and manure increased corn dry matter, height, stem diameter, leaf area, leaf number, SPAD meter readings and leaf N. There was a close relationship between SPAD meter readings and leaf N (R2=0.84). Correlation and path analyses showed that leaf area and SPAD readings are major components which affect corn dry matter at initial growth stage. Results of the present study revealed that organic fertilizer can improve initial growth of corn similar to chemical fertilizer. It can be concluded that manure and compost can be effective nutrient sources for corn production and can be considered as potential alternatives to chemical N fertilizer.
https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_23013_8dbcefa06f218c76f422401cf2c66de3.pdf
Corn
Early growth
Inorganic fertilizer
Organic fertilizer
SPAD meter
eng
University of Tehran
Desert
2008-0875
2345-475X
2010-12-01
15
2
167
174
10.22059/jdesert.2011.23014
23014
Comparison of artificial neural network and multivariate regression methods in prediction of soil cation exchange capacity (Case study: Ziaran region)
A Keshavarzi
alikeshavarzi3@ut.ac.ir
1
F Sarmadian
alikeshavarzi2@ut.ac.ir
2
Faculty of Soil and Water Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran
Faculty of Soil and Water Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran
Investigation of soil properties like Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) plays important roles in study of environmental reaserches as the spatial and temporal variability of this property have been led to development of indirect methods in estimation of this soil characteristic. Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) provide an alternative by estimating soil parameters from more readily available soil data. 70 soil samples were collected from different horizons of 15 soil profiles located in the Ziaran region, Qazvin province, Iran. Then, multivariate regression and neural network model (feed-forward back propagation network) were employed to develop a pedotransfer function for predicting soil parameter using easily measurable characteristics of clay and organic carbon. The performance of the multivariate regression and neural network model was evaluated using a test data set. In order to evaluate the models, root mean square error (RMSE) was used. The value of RMSE and R2 derived by ANN model for CEC were 0.47 and 0.94 respectively, while these parameters for multivariate regression model were 0.65 and 0.88 respectively. Results showed that artificial neural network with seven neurons in hidden layer had better performance in predicting soil cation exchange capacity than multivariate regression.
https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_23014_1d50cc32b5d694274e99268001be58e5.pdf
CEC
easily measurable characteristics
Feed-forward back propagation
hidden layer
Pedotransfer functions
Ziaran